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LunaCalc

Chemistry

Solution Dilution Calculator

Solve dilution problems for concentration and volume.

Calculator

About this calculator

This solution dilution calculator applies the C₁V₁ = C₂V₂ relationship to plan how much stock and solvent you need.

Formula notes

C₁V₁ = C₂V₂. Solve for the unknown: stock volume V₁ = C₂V₂ / C₁, and solvent added = V₂ − V₁.

Worked examples

  1. Example: making 500 mL of 0.1 M solution from a 1 M stock needs V₁ = 0.1×500 / 1 = 50 mL stock plus 450 mL solvent.
  2. To prepare 250 mL of 0.20 mol/L solution from a 1.0 mol/L stock, C1V1 = C2V2 gives 50 mL of stock, diluted to 250 mL total.

How to use it

  1. Enter the stock concentration C₁.
  2. Enter the target concentration C₂ and final volume V₂.
  3. Read the stock volume to measure and solvent to add.

Frequently asked questions

Why is solvent V₂ − V₁ and not just V₂?

The stock already occupies volume, so you top up only the difference to reach the final volume.

Can concentrations use different units?

Keep C₁ and C₂ in the same unit; the ratio is what matters.

Limits and interpretation

  • The formula assumes the solute amount is conserved and no reaction, precipitation, evaporation, or decomposition occurs.
  • The final-volume mark is not the same as adding that volume of solvent to the measured stock solution.

References